HIV - 1 Vaccine Development : Recent Advances in the CTL Platform “ Spotty Business ”

JVI . 01634 - 07 . J . Virol . Kimberly A . Schoenly and David B . Weiner ' ' Spotty Business ' ' the Cytotoxic T - Lymphocyte Platform Vaccine Development : Recent Advances in Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Characterization of the Protective HIV-1 CTL Epitopes and the Corresponding HLA Class I Alleles: A Step towards Designing CTL Based HIV-1 Vaccine

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) possesses a major threat to the human life largely due to the unavailability of an efficacious vaccine and poor access to the antiretroviral drugs against this deadly virus. High mutation rate in the viral genome underlying the antigenic variability of the viral proteome is the major hindrance as far as the antibody based vaccine development is concerned. Alth...

HIV evolution in response to HLA-restricted CTL selection pressures: a population-based perspective.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize antigenic peptides displayed by HLA class I molecules on the infected cell surface and represent a major selective force driving HIV evolution through a phenomenon known as "immune escape". Here we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the consequences of CTL escape on HIV evolution at the population level and discuss its implications for HIV ...

Effector cytotoxic T lymphocyte numbers induced by vaccination should exceed levels in chronic infection for protection from HIV.

Recent technological advances have revolutionised our capacity to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses with a variety of vaccine formulations and delivery systems. However, the conditions required for a CTL-inducing vaccine to provide protection from infection or disease are poorly understood, and the results of challenge experiments have not been consistent. Here we use a mathematical...

Identification of overlapping HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T cell epitopes in a conserved region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein: definition of minimum epitopes and analysis of the effects of sequence variation

Although the immunologic basis of protective immunity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has not yet been defined, virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are likely to be an important host defense and may be a critical feature of an effective vaccine. These observations, along with the inclusion of the HIV-1 envelope in the majority of vaccine candidates presently in...